Aluminum Production

Metallic aluminum is produced by the electrolytic reduction of pure alumina. In a bath of fused cryolite. For pure alumina, possible to reduce alumina with carbon because Al₄Cl₃ is formed and a back reaction between aluminum vapor and CO₂ in the condenser quickly reforms the original aluminum oxide again. The enthalpy change involved in the reaction is equivalent to 20.3 MJ of energy per kilogram of aluminum produced.

Al₂O₂ + 1 ½ C ==► 2 Al ++ 1 ½ CO₂ ∆H = 1100 kJ at 1000 oC

Read more »

Aluminum Metal and Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum was discovered in 1827 by Friedrich Wohler. Its importance was established after the inventing of the dynamo (1887) because a great deal of electricity is consumed in its extraction.

Occurrence and extraction
Aluminum does not occur naturally in the pure form. In compound, it is the commonest metal on the earth (about 8% of the earth’s crust). The mineral richest in aluminum is bauxite. Among the EEC countries, France, Italy and Greece have significant reserves. Corundum is crystalline aluminum oxide. When pure and clear, it takes the form of gemstones’ (sapphire, ruby, topaz, amethyst).

Read more »

Anodized Metal For Lasering

There are a question about anodizing metal like this:

• I am an artist who also do laser engraving, sometimes I ask to engrave metal with my laser but unable to do so. I was told that the metal can be anodized but needs a special solution which is not readily available here. Is there a substitute or am I looking for the wrong thing?

Read more »

Calcium - Chemical Process

More knowledge about many chemicals can find here on http://chemistry.health-tips-diseases.com/. Many chemicals are describe detail in here and also the chemical that is used for anodizing and electroplating are founded here.

Read more »